|
NO.
|
PARTIES
|
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT AND VALUE
|
NATURE OF DISPUTE
|
APPROX. AMOUNT IN DISPUTE
|
ADJUDICATION
|
|
1
|
(March 1990)
Steelwork Contractor’s claim against
Main Contractor.
|
Structural Steel frame
|
Delays and disruption.
|
£22,000
|
Written Adjudication.
|
|
2
|
(June 1993)
Tripartite Joint Venture Company involving Arabian, Turkish and
Italian interests
|
Desalination/power generation plant located in the
Middle East
|
Disputes between two of the three joint venture parties as to
split of cost liabilities for different parts of the construction works.
|
Approx $(US) 2.1 million
|
Written Adjudication.
|
|
3
|
(February 1998)
Building Employer (Commercial Company). Project Managers
Consultant Architects
Quantity Surveyors
M&E Engineers
Structural Engineers
Management Contractor
Works Contractors
|
New lecture theatre complex.
|
Any disputes connected with the project.
|
|
Ongoing. Appointed in advance of construction to act as
adjudicator as and when any disputes arise throughout the design,
construction and maintenance periods.
|
|
4
|
(October 1998)
Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Contractor
Ventilation Services Subcontractor
|
Supply and installation of passive stack ventilation system
£21,000.
|
Late payment.
|
£13,000.
|
Written Adjudication.
|
|
5
|
(March 1999)
Building Contractor
Piling Subcontractor
|
Piling Subcontract £20,000
|
Alleged defective work involving replacement piling, delay
costs, attendance costs, acceleration and LAD's.
|
£63,000
|
Received submissions. Held one day hearing. Written
decision with reasons.
|
|
6
|
(March 1999)
Building Contractor
Restaurant Owner
|
Restaurant refurbishment.
|
Alleged non payment for work carried out, and incorrect
deduction of discount and retentions.
|
£16,000
|
Received submissions
Defence admitted full liability.
Written decision issued with reasons.
|
|
7
|
(April 1999)
Earthworks Subcontractor
Main Contractor
|
Earthworks subcontract
|
Interim valuation disputes
|
£75,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
8
|
(April 1999)
Road Markings Contractor
County Council
|
Road Marking contract
|
Alleged wrongful deduction of liquidated and ascertained
damages.
|
£22,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
9
|
(May 1999)
Plasterboard Partitions Subcontractor
Building Contractor
|
Plasterboard partitions and associated works
|
Interim payments, extensions of time, loss and expense,
acceleration disputes.
|
£120,000 plus interest
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
10
|
(May 1999)
Groundworks Subcontractor
Building Contractor
|
Groundworks
|
Failure to agree Final Account
|
£30,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
11
|
(May 1999)
Civil Engineering Subcontractor
Civil Engineering Main Contractor
|
Railway platform works
|
Interim valuation disputes, loss and expense, re-rates,
disruption, management costs.
|
£600,000
|
Suspended and then settled by the parties.
|
|
12
|
(June 1999)
Surfacing Subcontractor
Civil Engineering Main Contractor
|
Bitumen macadam surfacing.
|
Additional materials costs, loss of productivity due to
condition of stone sub-base.
|
£5,000
|
Settlement agreed at meeting with Adjudicator after submissions
received.
|
|
13
|
(June 1999)
Design and Build Contractor
Holiday Village Company
|
Two storey leisure building over existing swimming pool.
|
Frustration of contract. Determination of contract.
Valuation of Final Account.
|
£86,500
|
Settlement between parties after submissions and site visit, at
meeting with adjudicator.
|
|
14
|
(July 1999)
Trenching and Mole Ploughing Subcontractor
Ground Irrigation Contractor
|
Ground excavation, trenching, vibratory mole ploughing and
lateral pipework on golf course.
|
Breach of contract. Wrongful omission of work.
Disputed interim and final payments. Withholding of payments.
|
£21,000
|
Written decision. Neither party requested reasons.
|
|
15
|
(July 1999)
Claims Consultant
Demolition Subcontractor
|
Professional services.
|
Non payment of professional fees.
|
£7,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
16
|
(July 1999)
Ceiling Contractor
Interior Contractor
|
Specialist ceiling works.
|
Withholding of payments.
|
£15,000
Interest
Costs
|
Settled between the parties after submission of Statement of
Case.
|
|
17
|
(August 1999)
Building Contractor
House Building Company
|
Housing Contract
|
Release of retention.
|
£21,000
|
Settlement between parties after submission of Referral Notice
and Response and period of suspension.
|
|
18
|
(August 1999)
Structural Steelwork Contractor
Main Contractor
|
Supply, fabrication and fixing of structural steel.
|
Final Account Dispute involving variations, loss and expense,
contra charges and interest costs
|
£17,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
19
|
(September 1999)
Building Services Consulting Engineers
Botanic Garden
|
Professional Services in connection with Botanic Garden.
|
Non payment of professional fees.
|
£10,000
|
Settled between the parties immediately after service of
Referral Notice.
|
|
20
|
(September 1999)
Party Wall Surveyor
Architect
|
Surveying Services
|
Non payment of professional fees. Interest charges.
Costs.
|
£14,000 plus costs
|
Written Decision without reasons.
|
|
21
|
(September 1999)
Building Contractor
Health & Leisure Company
|
New gymnasium
|
Final account dispute involving variations, extensions of time,
loss and expense, interest, LAD's costs.
|
£200,000.
|
Settled between the parties after written submissions and five
meetings with the adjudicator.
|
|
22
|
(October 1999)
Groundworks Subcontractor
Main Contractor
|
Construction of Pub and Steak House.
|
Determination of Subcontract, measure and value disputes delay
claims, LAD's, set-offs.
|
£50,000
|
Settled between the parties, after written submissions, at a
meeting with the Adjudicator.
|
|
23
|
(November 1999)
Surfacing Contractor
Civil Engineering Contractor
|
Traffic calming scheme.
|
Withholding of payments, interest, costs.
|
£6,000 plus costs.
|
Written Decision without reasons.
|
|
24
|
(November 1999)
Building Contractor
Night Club Owner
|
Refurbishment of night club.
|
Withholding of payments, interest, costs.
|
£175,000 plus costs.
|
Written Decision without reasons.
|
|
25
|
(November 1999)
Electrical Subcontractor
Electrical Contractor
|
Electrical works.
|
Withholding of payments for labour supplied, defective work.
|
£30,000.
|
Settled between the parties after written submissions at a
meeting with the Adjudicator.
|
|
26
|
(December 1999)
Building Contractor
Nuclear Engineering Contractor
|
Construction work at Nuclear Power Station.
|
Determination of Contract,. Repudiation of Contract.
Frustration of Contract. Breaches of Contract. Value of
additional works. Extensions of time, loss and expense, damages,
loss of reputation, lost opportunity costs.
|
£100,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
27
|
(December 1999)
Fabrication Contractor
Main Contractor
|
Industrial Units
|
Withholding of payments.
|
£9,000.
|
Settled between the parties.
|
|
28
|
(December 1999)
Building Contractor
City Council
|
Recreation Centre
|
Valuation of Interim Valuation including variations and loss
and expense.
|
£650,000.
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
29
|
(February 2000)
Decorating Subcontractor
Main Contractor
|
Commercial Development
|
Final Account value. Main Contract delays and LAD's.
|
£1,500.
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
30
|
(February 2000)
Services Subcontractor
Main Contractor
|
New Hotel
|
Release of retention monies.
|
£18,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
31
|
(March 2000)
Building Contractor
Fish and Chip Shop Owner
|
Construction Fish and Chip shop.
|
Final Account value.
|
£100,000.
|
Written decision without results.
|
|
32
|
(March 2000)
Road Surfacing Subcontractor, Householding Company
|
Road surfacing and drainage works.
|
Payment for remedial works.
|
£2,000 plus interest.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
33
|
(April 2000)
Brickwork, carpentry and concrete work Works Contractor,
Management Contractor
|
Staff Training Building
|
Final Account Value
|
£20,000 plus interest..
|
Written decision in confirmation of agreement reached by the
parties.
|
|
34
|
(April 2000)
Brickwork, carpentry and concrete work Works Contractor,
Security Company
|
Staff Training Building
|
Final Account Value
|
£20,000 plus interest.
|
Written decision in confirmation of agreement reached by the
parties.
|
|
35
|
(April 2000)
Mechanical Services and Plumbing Subcontract, Building
Contractor.
|
Mechanical Services and plumbing subcontract on hospital.
New Education Centre.
|
Exact terms and conditions of Contract (Jurisdiction by
Agreement of the parties). Extension of time, finance charges,
liability for delays, delay costs, right to withhold payment, retention
percentages and dates.
|
Claim £37,000.
Counterclaim £13,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
36
|
(April 2000)
Scaffold Company, Painting Contractor
|
Supply and erection of scaffolding protection and access to
facilitate refurbishment of a metal swing bridge.
|
Exact terms and conditions of contract. (Jurisdiction by
agreement of the parties). Final account value, loss and expense,
interest, damages, contra charges, costs.
|
Claim £52,000.
Contra charges £26,500.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
37
|
(April 2000)
Civil Engineering Contractor, Householding Company
|
Construction of roads and sewers and of a new bridge.
|
Valuation of work carried out. Entitlement to withhold
payments. Interest.
|
£59,000.
|
Settled by agreement of the parties.
|
|
38
|
(May 2000)
Brickwork, carpentry and concrete work Works Contractor,
Management Contractor, Security Company
|
Staff Training Building
|
Costs of two previous adjudications
|
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
39
|
(May 2000)
Joinery Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Painting, decorating and finishing works to joinery.
|
Non-payment of monies due, interest, costs.
|
£4,000
|
Written submissions made then settled between the parties after
telephone discussions with the adjudicator.
|
|
40
|
(May 2000)
Glazing Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Re-glazing of Church.
|
Entitlement to withhold payments, interest, costs.
|
£18,000 plus interest and costs.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
41
|
(May 2000)
Groundwork Subcontractor, Construction Company
|
Construction of retaining walls.
|
Non payment, withholding of payment, interest.
|
£120,000
|
Settled by the parties after directions issued but before
Response received.
|
|
42
|
(June 2000)
Building Contractor, Car Sales Showroom
|
Construction of Car Sales Showroom.
|
Final account value, loss and expense, defective work,
liquidated and ascertained damages, general damage, loss of sales,
remedial works.
|
£100,000 +
|
Partly settled by agreement of parties after meeting with
adjudicator on site and at office. Written Decision without
reasons issued re remaining issues.
|
|
43
|
(June 2000)
Window Manufacturer and Installer, Building Contractorc
|
Installation of UPVC windows.
|
Interim payments.
|
£164,000.
|
Settled by parties.
|
|
44
|
(June 2000)
H&V Sub-Subcontractor, H&V Subcontractor
|
Installation of heating and ventilating services.
|
Valuations of variations, withholding of payments, delays and
disruption.
|
£140,000.
|
Settled by parties.
|
|
45
|
(July 2000)
Finishing Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Walls, partition and ceilings works.
|
Value of interim application.
|
£480,000
|
Written decision without reasons except as to Adjudicator’s
costs.
|
|
46
|
(July 2000)
Building Contractor, Householder
|
Extensions to house
|
Date of completion, liquidated and ascertained damages
|
£4,800
|
Settled by parties.
|
|
47
|
(July 2000)
Building Contractor, Property Company
|
DIY Superstore
|
Excavating of soft spots. Diversion of culvert.
|
£120,000
|
Settled by parties after meeting with the Adjudicator.
|
|
48
|
(July 2000)
Steelwork Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Bus Station
|
Interim payments, lack of notices, conditional payment policy,
interest costs.
|
£280,000.
|
Responding Party applied to court and court held Adjudicator
had no jurisdiction because of signed “Final Account Agreement”.
|
|
49
|
(August 2000)
Plastering Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Foods Service Building
|
Non payment of interim applications.
|
£10,000.
|
Written decision without reasons. Responding party challenged
jurisdiction and did not submit written Response but did attend one
meeting.
|
|
50
|
(August 2000)
Tennis Court Contractor, Parish Council
|
Tennis courts refurbishment.
|
Withholding of payments
|
?
|
Settled by the parties before Referral Notice served.
|
|
51
|
(August 2000)
Wall Cladding Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Overcladding of telephone exchange building
|
Non payment of monies applied for, lack of Section 110 and 111
notices, variations, discounts.
|
£25,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
52
|
(September 2000)
Mechanical and Electrical Services Subcontractor, Main
Contractor
|
School
|
Interpretation of contract specification clauses re boilers.
|
£10,000.
|
Written decision with part reasons by agreement of the parties.
|
|
53
|
(September 2000)
Main Contractor, Mechanical and Plumbing Subcontractors
|
Hospital
|
Delays, loss and expense/damages
|
£35,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
54
|
(September 2000)
Civil Engineering Contractor, House Building Contractor
|
Reinforced concrete ramps and retaining walls.
|
Non payment of monies applied for in Interim Applications.
Lack of Section 110 and 111 Notices, interest.
|
£75,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
55
|
(October 2000)
Employer, Building Contractor
|
Ecology Centre
|
Extensions of time, loss and expense, variations.
|
£45,000
|
Settled by parties after Referral Notice served.
|
|
56
|
(October 2000)
Building Systems Management Subcontractor, Air Conditioning
Contractor
|
Shopping Centre
|
Valuation of Variations,
|
£5,000
|
Settled by parties after submissions made and meeting with
Adjudicator.
|
|
57
|
(October 2000)
Screed Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Commercial Development
|
Quality and value of Work, LAD’s, Contractor’s counterclaim,
Interest.
|
£70,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
58
|
(October 2000)
Joinery Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Clothes Store
|
Valuation of Final Account, interest on late payments.
|
£117,000.
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
59
|
(November 2000)
Builder, House Owner
|
House extension
|
Withholding of certified sum without Withholding Notice.
|
£2,300
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
60
|
(November 2000)
Plastering Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
School
|
Final Account values.
|
£56,000.
|
Settled by the parties prior to Referral.
|
|
61
|
(November 2000)
Groundworks Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Residential Development
|
Interim Payments.
|
£140,000 plus interest
|
Referring Party withdrew after accepting challenge to
jurisdiction of Adjudicator.
|
|
62
|
(November 2000)
Galvanised Pipework Subcontractor, Cooling Systems Contractor
|
Laboratory
|
Interim Payments, Defects, Abatement.
|
£12,000 plus interest.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
63
|
(December 2000)
Groundworks Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Residential development
|
Interim Payments.
|
£140,000 plus interest.
|
Referring Party withdrew after accepting challenge to
jurisdiction of Adjudicator.
|
|
64
|
(January 2001)
Building Contractor, Public House
|
Bar and leisure facility.
|
Interim Payment
|
£112,000
|
Written decision without reasons. Responding Party
conceded all issues in its Response.
|
|
65
|
(February 2001)
Roofing Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Lead roofing and guttering to historic building.
|
Interim and final payments, determination, repudiation,
interest.
|
£26,000
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
66
|
(February 2001)
Foundations, drainage services, roadworks and external works
Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Retail Units
|
Final Account Value, Interest.
|
£57,000
|
A number of disputed final account elements were agreed by the
parties as a result of QS meetings directed by the Adjudicator and at a
meeting with the Adjudicator. A written Decision with reasons was
issued in respect of the remaining disputed items.
|
|
67
|
(March 2001)
Paving and damp proofing work
|
Commercial offices
|
Value of Variations and Final Account, Defective Work, Design,
Contra Charges.
|
£180,000
|
Settled by the parties after submission of Referral, Response
and Reply and meeting with Adjudicator. Both parties expressed
that adjudication process had led to settlement.
|
|
68
|
(March 2001)
Conversion of property to flats
|
Flats above restaurant.
|
Interim payment.
|
£17,000
|
Settled by the parties after submission of Referral and
Response.
|
|
69
|
(March 2001)
Shop fit out
|
Fitting out of shop premises.
|
Final account payment.
|
£56,000.
|
The Referring Party decided not to proceed.
|
|
70
|
(April 2001)
Lift Installation
|
Lift Installation
|
Contra charges, LAD, prolongation claims, variations, costs,
interest.
|
£54,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
71
|
(April 2001)
Professional Services
|
Quantity Surveying Services
|
Payment of fees, quality of services provided. Whether
all services within scope of the Act.
|
£13,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
72
|
(May 2001)
Building Contractor, Club/Leisure Facility
|
Bar and leisure facility
|
Interim payment
|
£64,000 plus interest.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
73
|
(May 2001)
Building Contractor, Club/Leisure Facility
|
Bar and leisure facility
|
Extensions of time, Liquidated and ascertained damages,
Defects, Repudiatory breach, HGCR suspension, Abatement, Subcontractors
|
£155,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
74
|
(June 2001)
Joinery Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Fit out of restaurant and night club.
|
Final account, rates, dayworks, quantities, SMM issues,
overtime, payments, loss and expense.
|
£62,000
|
Settled by the parties during meeting with adjudicator.
|
|
75
|
(June 2001)
Partition and Dry Lining Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Hospital
|
Final account, rates, measures, express/ implied Terms,
delays/EOT’s, loss and expense/damages, contra charges, retention, late
payment, interest
|
£220,000
|
Settled by the parties after meeting with Adjudicator.
|
|
76
|
(July 2001)
Building Contractor, Developer
|
Football Stadium
|
Interim Payments, EOT’s, LAD’s, Interest
|
£190,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
77
|
(July 2001)
Building Contractor, Developer
|
Offices/Residential
|
Interim payments, interest.
|
£95,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
78
|
(July 2001)
Steelwork Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Residential Development
|
Interim Payments
|
£95,000
|
Settled 2 days after appointment.
|
|
79
|
(July 2001)
Shop Fitting Contractor, Retailer
|
Shop fit out.
|
Final Account.
|
£56,000
|
Settled by parties at meeting with Adjudicator after written
submissions.
|
|
80
|
(August 2001)
Railway Signalling Company, Testing Company
|
Railway Signalling Installation Testing
|
Interim payments
|
£55,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
81
|
(August 2001)
Electrical Sub Subcontractor, Heating Contractor
|
Electrical maintenance on various premises
|
Interim payments
|
£66,000
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
82
|
(September 2001)
Main Contractor, Mastic Asphalt Subcontractor
|
Mastic Asphalt Flooring to Health Centre
|
Payments
|
£2,874.66
|
Administrator appointed by Responding Party so Referring Party
withdrew.
|
|
83
|
(September 2001)
Main Contractor, Mastic Asphalt Subcontractor
|
Mastic Asphalt Flooring to School
|
Payments
|
£2,291.25
|
Administrator appointed by Responding Party so Referring Party
withdrew.
|
|
84
|
(September 2001)
Main Contractor, Roofing Subcontractor
|
Curved sheet roof cladding, louvres, flashings, copings and
gutters.
|
Extensions of time.
Loss and expense/damages
Variations
Interest
Compliant and Non Compliant work
|
£120,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
85
|
(September 2001)
Windows Subcontract, House Builder
|
Windows to housing development.
|
Interim payments
Interest
|
£26,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral, Response and Reply
submitted.
|
|
86
|
(September 2001)
Property Developer
Building Contractor
|
Apartment Blocks Development and A3 space.
|
Extensions of time, LAD’s, prolongation costs, variations,
amendments to contract interest. Undisclosed agency.
|
£1,500,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
87
|
(October 2001)
Civil Engineering Contractor, Electrical Subcontractor
|
Sewage Works
|
Extension of time, prolongation and disruption costs, incentive
payments, variations.
|
£950,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
88
|
(October 2001)
Surfacing Contractor, Horticultural Nurseries
|
Excavation of contaminated land and construction of reinforced
concrete capping slab
|
Non payment
|
£8,000
|
Responding party made no submission. Reasons not
requested. Written decision issued.
|
|
89
|
(October 2001)
Surfacing Contractor, Groundwork Contractor
|
Laying of road base
|
Payment due, VAT, Interest, Costs.
|
£5,000
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
90
|
(October 2001)
Electrical Contractor, Development Company
|
Electrical Installation
|
Valuation of variations, delay and disruption costs, interest.
|
£130,000
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
91
|
(November 2001)
Blockwork Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Blockwork at school
|
Non payment, Interest.
|
£5,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
92
|
(November 2001)
Building Contractor, Bar and restaurant owner
|
Fitting out of bar and restaurant.
|
Extension of time, Valuation of Works, Loss and Expense,
Interest, Costs.
|
£52,000
|
Settled after Referral.
|
|
93
|
(December 2001)
Plant Hire Company, Building Contractor
|
Plant hire.
|
Non payment, Interest
|
£3,000.
|
Settled after nomination.
|
|
94
|
(December 2001)
M&E Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Mechanical and electrical services.
|
Variations, extensions of time, loss and expense, interest
|
£750,000
|
Settle after written submissions and immediately after meeting
with Adjudicator.
|
|
95
|
(December 2001)
Plastering Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Plastering Subcontract.
|
Final Account Value
|
£29,000
|
Settled after Referral.
|
|
96
|
(January 2002)
Building Contractor, Development Company
|
Construction of Cinema and Leisure Complex.
|
Extensions of time, loss and expense, monies withheld,
interest.
|
£3 million.
|
Decision without reasons.
|
|
97
|
(February 2002)
Window Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Installation of aluminium windows and doors
|
Non payment
Lack of notices
|
£27,000
|
Settled before Referral issue.
|
|
98
|
(February 2002)
Roofing Specialist, Roofing Subcontractor.
|
Waterproof and wearing system to car park.
|
Non Payment
Interest
Costs
|
£79,000
|
Settled at 1st meeting with Adjudicator after Referral,
Response and Reply.
|
|
99
|
(February 2002)
Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Demolition, alterations, in situ concrete and external works to
Museum.
|
Interim payment
Valuation of Works
|
£400,000
|
Settled at meeting with adjudication after Referral, Response
and Reply.
|
|
100
|
(March 2002)
Architect/Contract Administrator, Employer
|
Payment for Architectural Services.
|
Method of calculation of fees. Value of fees for
additional work.
|
£115,000.
|
Settled after a full day meeting with the parties after
Referral, Response and Reply.
|
|
101
|
(May 2002)
M&E Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
M&E services to commercial offices.
|
Final Account value.
|
£135,000
|
Settled after Referral.
|
|
102
|
(July 2002)
Rooflight installer, Main Contractor
|
Supply and installation of rooflights
|
Final Account value.
|
£2,000.
|
Decision without reasons.
|
|
103
|
(July 2002)
Floor and Ceiling Contractor, Main Contractor
|
Flooring Subcontract
|
Valuation of Variations
|
|
Referring Party did not proceed due to lack of funds.
|
|
104
|
(August 2002)
Building Contractor, Property Owner
|
Renovation and extension work.
|
Value of variations.
Liquidated and ascertained damages.
Interim payments.
|
£160,000
|
Settled before Referral.
|
|
105
|
(August 2002)
Timber Component Subcontractor, House Builder
|
Supply and installation of timber components to houses.
|
Retention money.
Interest
Costs.
|
£17,000
|
Decision with reasons.
|
|
106
|
(October 2002)
Maintenance Contractor, Public House and Restaurant Group
|
Repairs and maintenance term contract on numerous properties.
|
Final Account value.
|
£240,000
|
Decision with reasons.
|
|
107
|
(November 2002)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Renovation and building works to commercial offices and retail
shops.
|
EOT’s, LAD’s, loss and expense, prolongation and disruption.
|
£60,000
|
Decision with reasons.
|
|
108
|
(December 2002)
Building Contractor, Developer
|
Football Stadium
|
EOT’s, LAD’s, Loss and expense, variations, interest.
|
£175,000
|
Settled at a meeting with Adjudicator.
|
|
109
|
(December 2002)
Building Contractor, Groundwork Subcontractor
|
Primary School
|
Final Account value.
|
£21,000.
|
Settled at meeting with Adjudicator.
|
|
110
|
(December 2002)
Building Contractor, Geotechnic Subcontractor
|
Retail Development
|
Defective work, remedial work costs, loss and damages.
|
£72,000.
|
Jurisdiction challenge accepted as valid by Adjudicator.
|
|
111
|
(January 2003)
Geotechnic Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Retail Development
|
Value of interim payment
|
£100,000
|
Settled after submissions from the parties and a meeting with
the Adjudicator.
|
|
112
|
(January 2003)
Pipeline Contractor, Building Contractor
|
School : Water and gas mains
|
Value of Final Account
|
£42,000
|
Settled after submissions from the parties at a meeting with
the Adjudicator.
|
|
113
|
(January 2003)
Housing Maintenance & Repairs Contractor, Housing Association
|
Void housing
|
Value of Final Account
|
£400,000
|
Decision with reasons.
|
|
114
|
(February 2003)
Building Contractor, Metropolitan Borough Council
|
Residential high rise flats
|
Extensions of time, loss and expense.
|
£180,000
|
Decision with reasons.
|
|
115
|
(February 2003)
Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Aluminium windows, doors and curtain walling to office block.
|
Interim payments.
|
£135,000
|
Settled after Referral and directions letter.
|
|
116
|
(February 2003)
Sub-Subcontractor, Subcontractor
|
Foul and surface water drainage to Music Centre
|
Interim and final payments
|
£140,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
117
|
(February 2003)
Developer, Contractor)
|
School extension
|
Final Account payment
|
£55,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral and directions.
|
|
118
|
(March 2003)
Main Contractor, M&E Subcontractor
|
Residential Accommodation for people with learning
difficulties/physical disabilities.
|
Final Account Value
Contra Charges
Costs
|
£25,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
119
|
(March 2003)
Sub-Subcontractor, Subcontractor
|
Foul and surface water drainage to Music Centre
|
Head Office overheads
Site overhead costs
Interest
|
£70,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
120
|
(March 2003)
Building Contractor, Pharmaceutical Company
|
Extension to warehouse
|
Withheld interim payment
|
£59,000
|
Written decision with reasons
|
|
121
|
(March 2003)
Services Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Services installation. Multi-storey apartment block.
|
Value of measured work
Contra charges
EOT’s
Loss and expense
|
£195,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
122
|
(April 2003)
Pharmaceutical Company, Building Contractor
|
Extension to Warehouse
|
Extensions of Time
Liquidated and ascertained damages
|
£50,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
123
|
(May 2003)
Management Contractor, Groundworks Work Package Contractor
|
Extension to hospital
|
Payment, valuation, extensions of time, loss and expense,
interest, costs.
|
£110,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
124
|
(May 2003)
M&E Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Air Conditioning to Fitness Centre
|
Interim payments
|
£45,000.
|
Written Decision with reasons.
|
|
125
|
(July 2003)
Shopfitting Company, Building Contractor
|
Young Persons Drop In Centre
|
Interim payments
|
£12,000
|
Written Decision with reasons.
|
|
126
|
(July 2003)
Property Investment Company, Property Developer
|
Apartments
|
Final Account
|
£55,000
|
Referring Party ended adjudication after Referral and
jurisdiction challenge.
|
|
127
|
(August 2003)
Roofing & Cladding Subcontractor, Employer
Nominated by RICS
|
Industrial Unit
|
Interim payment
|
£35,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
128
|
(August 2003)
Building Contractor, Metropolitan Borough Council
|
Residential high rise flats
|
Extensions of time, loss an expense, variations.
|
£600,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
129
|
(September 2003)
Building Contractor, Tiling Subcontractor
|
Commercial Offices.
|
Interim payment, termination.
|
£25,000
|
Decision without reasons. (Both parties stated reasons
not required).
|
|
130
|
(September 2003)
Building Contractor, County Council
|
Business Units
|
Prolongation costs/damages
|
£60,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
131
|
(October 2003)
Manufacturing Company, Steelwork Company
|
New Factory
|
Payment for steel fabricated and stored off site.
|
£25,000
|
Settled by agreement of the parties at a meeting at the
Adjudicator’s office.
|
|
132
|
(November 2003)
Steelwork Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Steel
Frame
Building
|
Final Account
|
£70,000
|
Settled by agreement of the parties after Referral and
directions by Adjudicator.
|
|
133
|
(November 2003)
Shopfitting Company, Retail Store
|
Retail Store
|
Non-payment of Interim Certificate
|
£318,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
134
|
(December 2003)
M&E Subcontractor, M&E Contractor)
|
Multiple Retail Outlet.
|
Valuation of variations, non payment.
|
£70,000
|
Valid jurisdiction challenge after Referral. Parties then
agreed to use Adjudicator as Mediator.
|
|
135
|
(December 2003)
Building Contractor, Property Owner
|
Refurbishment of offices
|
Liquidated and ascertained damages.
|
£62,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
136
|
(December 2003)
Project Manager, Property Owner
|
Remodelling of apartment.
|
Unpaid fees.
|
£2,500.
|
Valid jurisdiction challenge made after receipt of Referral.
Adjudicator resigned.
|
|
137
|
(December 2003)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Office
Building.
|
Alleged failure of Employer to appoint replacement Architect.
Non payment Final Account.
|
£214,000
|
Settled by the parties before Referral received.
|
|
138
|
(December 2003)
Building Contractor, Building Owner
|
Naval Building
|
Value of work done.
|
£27,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
139
|
(Jan 04)
Property Company, Building Contractor
|
Refurbishment of industrial unit.
|
Interim payments
|
£43,000.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
140
|
(Apr 04)
Construction Company, Police Authority
|
Construction of Divisional Police Headquarters
|
Interim payments.
|
£190,000
|
Parties agreed to end the adjudication.
|
|
141
|
(Apr 04)
Property Developer, Building Company
|
Construction of four town houses.
|
Determination of Contractor’s employment under the Contract.
|
£300,000.
|
Written decision with reasons after issues narrowed by
agreement of the parties.
|
|
142
|
(Apr 04)
Civil Engineering Design Consultants, Property Developer
|
Design of Highway Works for new retail park.
|
Unpaid fees.
|
£70,000
|
Parties agreed to end adjudication after Referral and
discussions with Adjudicator.
|
|
143
|
(May 04)
Partitions and Ceiling Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Partitioning and Ceilings work to University College.
|
Value of final account after determination of contract.
|
£170,000
|
Parties settled dispute after submission of Referral, Response
and Reply.
|
|
144
|
(June 04)
M&E Sub-Subcontractor, M&E Subcontractor
|
Learning centre.
|
Final account variations, disruption, delay, contra charges,
interest.
|
£55,000.
|
Parties settled dispute at a meeting with the Adjudicator after
submissions of Referral, Response, and Reply.
|
|
145
|
(July 04)
Main Contractor, Steel Coatings Subcontracto
|
Conversion of warehouse to flats, hotel rooms and penthouse
units.
|
Final Account value, repayment of overpayment, interest
charges.
|
£110,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
146
|
(July 04)
M&E Sub-Subcontractor, M&E Subcontractor
|
External gas mains
|
Final Account value and interest costs.
|
£8,000
|
Parties settled after Referral and before Response.
|
|
147
|
(August 04)
Scaffolding Contractor, Building Developer
|
Scaffolding
|
Final Account value and interest costs.
|
£6,500
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
148
|
(September 04)
Groundworks & Drainage Contractor, Construction Management
Company
|
Groundworks and drainage to industrial unit.
|
Final Account value.
|
£30,000.
|
Resigned after Referral. Valid jurisdiction challenge by
Responding Party.
|
|
149
|
(October 04)
Construction Company, College
|
New changing rooms at college.
|
Rules of measurement.
|
£25,000.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral and issue of directions.
|
|
150
|
(November 04)
Construction Company, Factory Owner
|
Alterations and extension to industrial building.
|
Interim payment, validity of notices, interest.
|
£500,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
151
|
(November 04) (Adjudication 1)
Factory Owner, Construction Company
|
Alterations and extension to industrial building.
|
Defects
|
£500,000
|
Resigned after Referral. Valid jurisdiction challenge by
Responding Party.
|
|
152
|
(November 04) (Adjudication 2)
Factory Owner, Construction Company
|
Alterations and extension to industrial building.
|
Defects
|
£500,000
|
Resigned after Referral. Valid jurisdiction challenge by
Responding Party.
|
|
153
|
(November 04)
Construction Company, M&E Subcontractor
|
Shopping Centre
|
Variations, Abatements, Contra Charges for Final Account.
|
£1,100,000
|
Written Decision with reasons.
|
|
154
|
(November 04)
Car Showroom and Workshop Design Contractor, Building
Contractor
|
Car Showroom and Workshop
|
Design of Roller Shutter doors
|
Declarations
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
155
|
(November 04)
Building Contractor, Subcontractor
|
Works to existing school building.
|
Value of drawings and groundworks.
|
£330,000 plus interest.
|
Valid jurisdiction challenge. Adjudicator resigned.
|
|
156
|
(December 04)
Public House Company, Interiors Contractor
|
Work to Public House
|
Withholding of monies
|
£137,000
|
Referring Party beame insolvent. Adjudication ended.
|
|
157
|
(January 05)
Plastering Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Residential property – new build.
|
Value of dry lining and plastering work.
|
£7,000 plus interest
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
158
|
(January 05)
Plastering Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Residential property – new build.
|
Value of dry lining and plastering work.
|
£10,000 plus interest.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
159
|
(February 05)
Steelwork Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Steel Erection and Pre-cast Installation at Arena
|
Interim valuation.
|
£735,000
|
Written Decision with Reasons.
|
|
160
|
(February 05)
Building Contractor, Metropolitan Borough Council
|
Structural repairs, overcladding, fire protection,
refurbishment, external works.
|
Extension of time, deduction of LAD’s.
|
Declarations sought.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral and before the submission
of the Response.
|
|
161
|
(February 05)
Building Services Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Heating Installation.
|
Interim and final valuations of variations.
|
£53,000.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral at a meeting with the
Adjudicator.
|
|
162
|
(March 05)
Window Manufacturer and Installer, Building Company
|
Residential Development
|
Interim Valuations, Withholding Notices.
|
£30,000
|
Settled by parties after Referral.
|
|
163
|
(March 04 – March 05)
Car Manufacturer, M&E Subcontractors
|
Car Manufacturing and Sales Facility.
|
Value of Final Account including claims for delays and
disruption.
|
£1,100,000.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral, Response and Reply and a
series of meetings with the Adjudicator.
|
|
164
|
(March 05)
Building Contractor, Steelwork Subcontractor
|
City Centre Apartment Building.
|
Value of Final Account, set-off, delays, claims.
|
£230,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
165
|
(March 05)
Construction Company, Supermarket Company
|
New superstore and associated highway works.
|
Valuation of variations.
|
£2.2 million
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
166
|
(March 05)
Steelwork Company, Building Contractor
|
Two separate projects.
|
Withholding notices, interim payments.
|
£35,000.
|
Resigned after Referral following valid jurisdiction challenge.
Responding Party did not consent to one adjudication on two disputes on
two different contracts.
|
|
167
|
(April 05)
Flooring Company, Building Contractor
|
Flooring to hospital.
|
Final account value and interest
|
£40,000
|
Referral withdrawn by Referring Party after submission of
Response.
|
|
168
|
(April 05)
Electrical Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Electrical works to hotel.
|
Value of Interim Payment.
|
£70,000
|
Settled by the parties at a meeting with the Adjudicator after
Referral, Response and Reply.
|
|
169
|
(April 05)
Decorating Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Decoration works to hotel.
|
Value of final payment, determination, repudiation.
|
£60,000
|
Settled by the parties at a meeting with the Adjudicator after
Referral, Response and Reply.
|
|
170
|
(May 05)
Roofing Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Roofing works to new Cash and Carry development.
|
Value of interim payment.
|
£30,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
171
|
(June 05)
Building Contractor, Racing Stables
|
Construction of gallop
|
Basis of contract, value of work carried out.
|
£80,000.
|
Valid jurisdiction challenge – resigned.
|
|
172
|
(June 05)
M&E Sub-Subcontractor, M&E Subcontractor
|
Industrial Development.
|
Valuation of Variations.
|
£90,000.
|
Referring Party withdrew the reference after Referral,
Response, Reply and meeting with adjudicator because of a flaw in the
Notice of Adjudication and Referral.
|
|
173
|
(July 05)
Roofing and Cladding Contractor, Building Contractor
|
Commercial Offices
|
Valuation of variations.
|
£300,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral and further submission
and a meeting with the Adjudicator.
|
|
174
|
(August 05)
Building Contractor, Student Accommodation Owner
|
Student residences.
|
Payment due.
|
£37,000.00.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
175
|
(August 05)
Building Contractor, Football Club
|
Football club house, stand and all weather pitches.
|
Interim valuation
|
£40,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
176
|
(August 05)
Building Contractor, Education College
|
Arts Block, CDT Centre and external works.
|
Measured account value, extensions of time, LAD’s, interest.
|
£240,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
177
|
(September 05)
Scaffolding Contractor, Building Contractor
|
Residential apartments.
|
Interim payments.
|
£450,000.
|
Resigned – No construction contract evidenced in writing.
|
|
178
|
(September 05)
Building Contractor, Developer
|
Holiday Villas.
|
Final Account value and defects.
|
£5,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral at a meeting with the
Adjudicator.
|
|
179
|
(October 05)
Special Service Vehicle Company for Hospital Developments and
Servicing, National Health Service Trust.
|
Development of Hospitals and ongoing provision of services on
three sites under a PFI Contract.
|
Delays, costs, rates and energy costs, capital cost.
|
£4 million.
|
Adjudication ended by agreement of the parties after written
submissions as directed by Adjudicator.
|
|
180
|
(October 05)
Architect’s practice, Development Company
|
Design of residential and live work units.
|
Amount to be paid for professional fees. Legal costs,
in-house costs and experts costs in the adjudication.
|
£100,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
181
|
(November 05)
Scaffolding Contractor, Roofing and Cladding Company
|
Roofing and cladding on Retail Centre
|
Value of work carried out.
|
£38,000.
|
Settled by the parties after submission of Referral, Response
and Reply.
|
|
182
|
(December 05)
Asbestos Removal Subcontractor, Asbestos Removal Specialist
Company
|
Asbestos Waste Removal
|
Value of work carried out.
|
£47,000
|
Settled by the parties after submission of Referral, Response
and Reply.
|
|
183
|
(January 06)
Construction Group, Motorway Concessionaire
|
Motorway
|
Interim payment for variations
|
£11 million
|
Written decision with reasons
|
|
184
|
(January 06)
Groundworks Subcontractor, Construction Company
|
Special
Education
Needs
School
|
Relevance of retention money
|
£11,000
|
Valid jurisdiction challenge after Referral. Adjudicator
resigned.
|
|
185
|
(February 06)
Window manufacturer and installer, Main Contractor
|
Hospital
|
Release of retention monies. Interim payment. Repudiatory
breach. Interest.
|
£40,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
186
|
(March 06)
Building Contractor, Building Developer
|
Refurbishment of shop and apartments.
|
Interim payment, Value of variations, Verbal Instructions,
Defective work, Incomplete work, Interest.
|
£110,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
187
|
(March 06)
Building Developer, Building Contractor
|
Refurbishment of shop and apartments.
|
Valuation of work not in accordance with the contract.
|
£65,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
188
|
(March 06)
Groundwork Subcontractor, Construction Company
|
School
|
Release of retention
|
£10,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
189
|
(March 06)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Renovation of dwelling
|
Construction of Contract, Lump Sum or Costs Plus, Final Account
Value, Notices, Interest.
|
£55,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
190
|
(March 06)
Building Contractor, House Owners
|
Alterations and extensions to dwelling.
|
Extensions of time, LAD’s, Payments due, Final Certificate.
|
£110,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
191
|
(April 06)
Earthworks Subcontractor, Main Contractor
|
Earthwork and groundworks to PFI School Contract.
|
Value of variations, Construction of Contract Clauses, Waiver,
Estoppel
|
£164,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
192
|
(April 06)
Building Contractor, Development Company
|
Retail Units.
|
Payment of retention monies.
|
£25,000.
|
Settled by the parties after the Referral.
|
|
193
|
(June 06)
Building Contractor, Borough Council
|
Sports and leisure centre.
|
Withholding of contra charges
|
£80,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
194
|
(June 06)
Scaffolding Company, Construction Company
|
Energy Centre
|
Payment, withholding notices
|
£55,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
195
|
(July 06)
Building Contract, Clinic
|
Renal and Diabetic Clinic
|
Payment, withholding notice
|
£28,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
196
|
(July 06)
Housing Association, Building Contractor
|
13 No. Dwellings.
|
Final Account Value, Notices, Interest, Effects of “Settlement
Agreement” .
|
£135,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
197
|
(July 06)
Building Contractors, Housing Association
|
13 No. Dwellings
|
Final Account Value, Settlement Agreement.
|
Value of Final Account (£700,000).
|
Written decision with brief reasons.
|
|
198
|
(August 06)
Building Contractors, Care Home
|
Extension to Care Home.
|
Value of Variations, Liquidated and Ascertained Damages
|
£120,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
199
|
(August 06)
Management Contractor
House Owner
|
Refurbishment and extension of grade 1 country residence
|
Final account value
|
£1.8 million
|
Written decision with reasons
|
|
200
|
(August 06)
Consulting Engineers
Property development company
|
Civil and structural engineering services on mixed residential
and commercial multi-storey development.
|
Professional fees
|
£50,000
|
Settled by the parties after referral.
|
|
201
|
(September 06)
Property Development Company, Building Contractor
|
Design and build of 7 dwellings
|
Final Account value, LAD’s, interest, defective work, contract
amendment clauses.
|
£550,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
202
|
(September 06)
Building Contractor, Social Club
|
Refurbishment and extension of Social Club
|
Interim Payment
|
£32,000
|
Written decisions with reasons.
|
|
203
|
(November 06)
M&E Subcontractor, Building Joint Venture
|
M&E Installations to New Hotel.
|
Extensions of time.
|
N/A
|
Partly settled by parties after submissions and meetings with
Adjudicator. Written decision with reasons.
|
|
204
|
(December 06)
Main Contractor, Groundworks Subcontractor
|
Brethren Hall
|
Payment due upon “termination”, loss of profit, interest.
|
£21,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
205
|
(January 07)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
82 Apartments
|
Interim payment and interest.
|
£54,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
206
|
(February 07)
Property Developer, Building Contractor
|
Refurbishment of shop and flats
|
Final Certificate payment, damages for late completion,
interest
|
£49,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
207
|
(March 07)
Building Contractor, Residential Property Owner
|
Construction of disabled accommodation.
|
Interim value.
|
£238,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral and Response.
|
|
208
|
(April 07)
Architect, Construction Company
|
Construction of School
|
Payment of Architect’s fees
|
£28,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
209
|
(April 07)
Architect, Construction Company
|
Construction of School
|
Payment of Architect’s fees
|
£360,000
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
210
|
(April 07)
Architect, House owner
(Armstrong Architects Ltd, Mr & Mrs Duffy)
(Appointed by CIC
|
Design of house
|
Payment of Architect’s fees.
|
£12,000.
|
Resigned after Referral after valid jurisdiction challenge.
|
|
211
|
(June 07)
Building Contractor, Property Company
|
Nine detached dwellings.
|
Interim payments.
|
£340,000.
|
Resigned after valid jurisdiction challenge in the Response.
|
|
212
|
(June 07)
M&E Subcontractor, Building Contractor
|
Hotel development
|
Value of variations, loss and expense, finance charges.
|
£570,000
|
Written decision (Parties agreed no reasons).
|
|
213
|
(June 07)
Demolition Contractor, Property Company
|
Demolition work at Dental Surgery
|
Interim payment
|
£25,000
|
Written Decision with reasons.
|
|
214
|
(July 07)
Building Contractor, Material Supplier
|
New facility for bagging plaster.
|
Interim payment, set off.
|
£35,000
|
Settled by the parties after Referral.
|
|
215
|
(July 07)
Building Contractor, Farmer
|
Conversion of stables to commercial office units.
|
Validity of Final Certificate.
Final Account value.
|
£55,000.
|
Settled by the parties after Referral, Response and Reply at
meeting with Adjudicator.
|
|
216
|
(August 07)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Residential Building.
|
Entitlement to Certification of Making Good Defects.
|
No monetary value.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
217
|
(August 07)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Residential apartments.
|
Interim payments.
|
£390,000.
|
Referring Party to withdraw Notice after appointment but before
Referral.
|
|
218
|
(August 07)
Building Contractor, Property Developer
|
Design and build of 9 residential properties.
|
Interim payments.
|
£380,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
219
|
(September 07)
Building Contractor, School Governors
|
New special needs classroom.
|
Final Account value including loss and expense and variations.
|
£35,000
|
Written decision without reasons.
|
|
220
|
(September 07)
Property Developer, Building Contractor
|
Retail and Apartments development.
|
Liquidated and ascertained damages.
|
£750,000.
|
Written decision with reasons.
|
|
221
|
(September 07)
House Owners, Building Contractor
|
|